In this treatment, which is applied for the treatment of kidney stones larger than 2 cm, the patient is placed in the supine or prone position and the kidney is entered with a Shiba needle. The stones seen by entering the kidney with an optical device called a nephroscope can be broken by using laser, pneumatic and ultrasound power sources. After the operation, a catheter (nephrostomy) is placed in the kidney and coming out of the same wound or a double-j catheter with one end in the kidney and one end in the bladder is inserted. The surgery may take approximately 2-3 hours.